Catalysis is a central theme of Huang laboratory research. One goal is to engineer enzyme and electrochemical catalysis for water/wastewater treatment and soil remediation. The second goal is to elucidate the role of catalysis in NOM cycling, and thus apply it in solid waste recycling, biofuel production, and agro-ecosystem management. The third goal involves environmental nanotechnology, including the environmental behaviors of carbon nanomaterials, synthesis and manipulation of iron nanoparticles, and enzyme-mimicking metal oxide nanoparticles for pollution control and clean production.
Novel electrochemical processes for wastewater treatment and recycling
Electrochemical processes have shown increasing promise in future wastewater treatment, for being almost universally applicable, efficient, and easy to manipulate, operate and automate. Huang laboratory is in pursuit of some especially innovative ideas to further promote the efficiency and safety of electrochemical water treatment processes, including reactive electrochemical membrane (REM) processes enabled by Magnali phase titanium suboxides ceramic materials, design and fabrication of novel anodic materials that minimize the formation of disinfection byproducts during anodic oxidation, and electrochemical advanced oxidation processes. Huang laboratory is interested in applying electrochemical processes to degrade poly and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) as well as recycle and reuse wastewater for agricultural uses.
Enzyme-based technology for pollution control and remediation
Certain extracellular enzymes present in the environment, such as peroxidases and phenol oxidases, are critically involved in natural organic matter (NOM) humification processes. They mediate the degradation of lignin, the most persistent natural organic material, and catalyze oxidative coupling reactions that polymerize small molecular humic precursors into macromolecular NOM moieties, reactions collectively referred to as enzyme-catalyzed oxidative humification reactions (ECOHRs). Such enzymatic processes can also incorporate organic pollutants into humification process, causing their degradation and detoxification. Huang laboratory is interested in applying such enzymatic processes in pollution control and remediation. They attempted to explore the reaction pathways and governing factors to provide a basis for process development and optimization, and they are also interested in understanding the reactivity in relation to enzyme protein structure and enzyme-substrate binding for design and production of enzyme variants for more effective decontamination reactions.
Catalysis in ecosystem management and waste reuse
Humification is critically involved in natural organic matter cycling. A wide range of fungi, plants and bacteria can produce enzymes that are involved in humification. Further understanding of the enzymatic humification processes, including the factors controlling enzyme production and regulation and the interactions between enzymes and natural organic matters are of important scientific and application values. It will advance knowledge in soil organic chemistry and inform novel technology development involving organic matter manipulation. Huang laboratory attempts at means by regulating humification enzyme activities to reduce thatch accumulation for turf management or to enhance soil organic matter formation for carbon sequestration. Huang laboratory is also interested in using agricultural wastes and animal manure as feedstocks in solid state fermentation for enzyme production and simultaneous pollution abatement.
Environmental behaviors and risks of bioactive micropollutants
Bioactive micropollutants of emerging concern, such as hormones, pharmaceuticals, and perfluorochemicals are widely present in the environment, usually at low concentrations, but can still cause profound negative impacts to ecological and human health. Based on strong laboratory capability in trace chemical analysis and structural identification, Huang laboratory has conducted studies to examine the occurrence, transformation and fate of emerging contaminants in soil and water systems, to provide fundamental information for science-informed risk analysis and regulation.
Environmental implication and application of nanotechnology
The rapidly growing nanotechnology presents a double-edged sword to the environment. On one hand, the unusual properties and reactivity of nanomaterials offer unprecedented opportunities to address tough contamination problems. On the other hand, certain nanomaterials may impose unexpected environmental risks. Huang laboratory has studied both the environmental application and implication of nanotechnology, and have examined zero-valent iron nanoparticles (ZVIN), manganese oxide nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes.
Application of advanced Mass Spectrometry in environmental studies
Transformation of contaminants in environmental and engineered systems is of a central interest to Huang laboratory. The rapid advancement in spectroscopy such as high resolution mass spectrometry provides unprecedented opportunities for chemical analysis and system characterization. Huang laboratory is keen on taking this opportunity in their on-going research to examine complicated reaction pathways in complex reaction matrices.
Elucidation of reaction mechanisms using molecular modeling and simulation
Understanding the mechanisms governing contaminant transformation is important in predicting the environmental behaviors and risks of pollutants and optimizing reactions to degrade them. Huang laboratory employs molecular modeling and simulation tools to elucidate the mechanisms at molecular level by characterizing the bonding and electronic structures, reaction energetics, and transition states.