{"id":14,"date":"2020-09-29T14:49:10","date_gmt":"2020-09-29T18:49:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/site.caes.uga.edu\/tnrrl\/?page_id=14"},"modified":"2023-03-23T16:21:18","modified_gmt":"2023-03-23T20:21:18","slug":"preclinical-research","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/site.caes.uga.edu\/tnrrl\/preclinical-research\/","title":{"rendered":"Preclinical Models"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\">The Translational Neural Repair and Regeneration Laboratory specializes in utilizing the inherent anatomical similarities between pigs and humans to further understand the underlying pathophysiological processes and test novel therapies for <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/site.caes.uga.edu\/tnrrl\/preclinical-research\/ischemic-stroke\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/site.caes.uga.edu\/tnrrl\/preclinical-research\/ischemic-stroke\/\">ischemic stroke<\/a><\/strong>, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/site.caes.uga.edu\/tnrrl\/preclinical-research\/traumatic-brain-injury\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/site.caes.uga.edu\/tnrrl\/preclinical-research\/traumatic-brain-injury\/\">traumatic brain injury<\/a><\/strong>, and <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/site.caes.uga.edu\/tnrrl\/preclinical-research\/alcoholism\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/site.caes.uga.edu\/tnrrl\/preclinical-research\/alcoholism\/\">alcoholism<\/a><\/strong>. The Translational Neural Repair and Regeneration Laboratory is also available to assist and provide guidance for our clients&#8217; research endeavors even if they fall outside the field of neural repair and regeneration. For more information, please see our <a href=\"https:\/\/site.caes.uga.edu\/tnrrl\/preclinical-research\/additional-pig-models\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/site.caes.uga.edu\/tnrrl\/preclinical-research\/additional-pig-models\/\"><strong>additional pig models<\/strong><\/a> page. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\">Pigs possess notable translational advantages due to inherent neuroanatomical similarities including gyrification, large intracranial vessel diameter, and a high white-to-gray matter ratio<sup>1,2<\/sup>. Proportionally comparable cerebral volumes between humans and pigs (1273.6 cm<sup>3<\/sup> for men vs. 111.09 cm<sup>3<\/sup> for males) allows for a more direct assessment of therapeutic dosing in a preclinical model<sup>3,4<\/sup>. In terms of cytoarchitecture, human and pig brains are composed of &gt;60% white matter<sup>5,6<\/sup>. These attributes are critically important as white and gray matter demonstrate different metabolic needs due to neuroanatomical differences. Specifically, neuron-rich gray matter requires 2.5x more ATP and consequently 3-5x more vascularization than white matter<sup>7-9<\/sup>. The increased vascularization of gray matter permits some protection following cerebrovascular injury, however the limited collateralization of white matter leaves these tissues particularly susceptible and is a critical factor to consider when modeling human neurological conditions as white matter injury has been linked to both cognitive and functional deficits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"422\" src=\"https:\/\/site.caes.uga.edu\/tnrrl\/files\/2020\/10\/Brainj-1024x422.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-230\" srcset=\"https:\/\/site.caes.uga.edu\/tnrrl\/files\/2020\/10\/Brainj-1024x422.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/site.caes.uga.edu\/tnrrl\/files\/2020\/10\/Brainj-300x124.jpg 300w, https:\/\/site.caes.uga.edu\/tnrrl\/files\/2020\/10\/Brainj-768x317.jpg 768w, https:\/\/site.caes.uga.edu\/tnrrl\/files\/2020\/10\/Brainj.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Pigs and humans demonstrate comparative cerebral sizes and gyral complexity. <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2949237\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2949237\/\" target=\"_blank\">Howells et al., 2010<\/a>.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16775297\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16775297\/\" target=\"_blank\"><sup>1<\/sup>Gralla, J., et al., <em>A dedicated animal model for mechanical thrombectomy in acute stroke.<\/em> AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2006. <strong>27<\/strong>(6): p. 1357-61.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23369409\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23369409\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><sup>2<\/sup>Kobayashi, E., et al., <em>The pig as a model for translational research: overview of porcine animal models at Jichi Medical University.<\/em> Transplant Res, 2012. <strong>1<\/strong>(1): p. 8.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12124914\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12124914\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><sup>3<\/sup>Allen, J.S., H. Damasio, and T.J. Grabowski, <em>Normal neuroanatomical variation in the human brain: an MRI-volumetric study.<\/em> Am J Phys Anthropol, 2002. <strong>118<\/strong>(4): p. 341-58.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22777003\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22777003\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><sup>4<\/sup>Conrad, M.S., R.N. Dilger, and R.W. Johnson, <em>Brain growth of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa) from 2 to 24 weeks of age: a longitudinal MRI study.<\/em> Dev Neurosci, 2012. <strong>34<\/strong>(4): p. 291-8.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/18048856\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/18048856\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><sup>5<\/sup>Tanaka, Y., et al., <em>Experimental model of lacunar infarction in the gyrencephalic brain of the miniature pig: neurological assessment and histological, immunohistochemical, and physiological evaluation of dynamic corticospinal tract deformation.<\/em> Stroke, 2008. <strong>39<\/strong>(1): p. 205-12.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/19485733\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/19485733\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><sup>6<\/sup>Nakamura, M., et al., <em>Experimental investigation of encephalomyosynangiosis using gyrencephalic brain of the miniature pig: histopathological evaluation of dynamic reconstruction of vessels for functional anastomosis. Laboratory investigation.<\/em> J Neurosurg Pediatr, 2009. <strong>3<\/strong>(6): p. 488-95.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2551935\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2551935\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><sup>7<\/sup>Borowsky, I.W. and R.C. Collins, <em>Metabolic anatomy of brain: a comparison of regional capillary density, glucose metabolism, and enzyme activities.<\/em> J Comp Neurol, 1989. <strong>288<\/strong>(3): p. 401-13.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12578225\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12578225\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><sup>8<\/sup>Nonaka, H., et al., <em>The microvasculature of the cerebral white matter: arteries of the subcortical white matter.<\/em> J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 2003. <strong>62<\/strong>(2): p. 154-61.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/15115733\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/15115733\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><sup>9<\/sup>Peters, A. and C. Sethares, <em>Oligodendrocytes, their progenitors and other neuroglial cells in the aging primate cerebral cortex.<\/em> Cereb Cortex, 2004. <strong>14<\/strong>(9): p. 995-1007.<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Translational Neural Repair and Regeneration Laboratory specializes in utilizing the inherent anatomical similarities between pigs and humans to further understand the underlying pathophysiological processes and test novel therapies for ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, and alcoholism. The Translational Neural Repair and Regeneration Laboratory is also available to assist and provide guidance for our clients&#8217; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":722,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.caes.uga.edu\/tnrrl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.caes.uga.edu\/tnrrl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.caes.uga.edu\/tnrrl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.caes.uga.edu\/tnrrl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/722"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.caes.uga.edu\/tnrrl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/site.caes.uga.edu\/tnrrl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1160,"href":"https:\/\/site.caes.uga.edu\/tnrrl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14\/revisions\/1160"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.caes.uga.edu\/tnrrl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}